The Islamic Calendar (Arabic Calendar)
The Hijri calendar: a lunar system
The Islamic calendar (Hijri, Arabic lunar calendar) follows the moon; the Gregorian year follows the sun. It starts from the Hijrah. A month opens when the new crescent is sighted. Dates on this 2030 grid are estimates — moon sighting can move a day.
Structure and months
Twelve months, about 354–355 days: Muharram, Safar, Rabiʿ al-awwal, Rabiʿ al-thani, Jumada al-ula, Jumada al-akhirah, Rajab, Shaʿban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Dhul-Qaʿdah, Dhul-Hijjah. Namaz Buddy puts Gregorian and Hijri on the same cell. The converter uses that engine.
Sacred months
Four months are sacred: Dhul-Qaʿdah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram in a row, then Rajab. They are named in Bukhari (3197). The old rule was to halt war; today they are still marked for worship and travel.
Important days and Turkey
2030 Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and the sacred nights have Turkey pages here. Calculation is Umm al-Qura. Diyanet and your mosque confirm the hilal. Adhan and fasting streaks live in the Namaz Buddy app.
